Our last major project took place last fall, after the end of the summer travel season. That traditionally is Labor Day weekend, and for 2008 the decline was dramatic. I've mentioned that before, so won't belabor the point again (15%!). However, the drop in traffic also gives the airport some breathing room when it comes to closures for construction. The Fall 2008 project was the replacement of concrete along taxiway Echo, including the runway 24L entry at Victor, and the relocation of E-8. I don't remember now exactly how long this took, but they started after Labor Day and the whole thing was done before Christmas.
The rework of Echo was sorely needed, as the expansion joints between the slabs were failing. We could watch aircraft as they came down the taxiway: Every expansion joint created a wing flapping motion. I can recall riding in a Southwest B733 one day, and it felt like the plane had square wheels.
Although the runway itself was not being worked on, the project restricted the access to Runway 24L. Because the construction was right up to the edge of the runway, we were not allowed to use the portion of the runway adjacent to the construction zone. While it was still available for departures via the E-10 intersection, it was not available for arrivals at all. We could taxi an aircraft down the unavailable section to get into position at E-10 for departure, but only one at a time. Since Ground Control had lost the use of Echo east of E-9, this was sometimes the easiest way to get a departure going. Of course, to get onto the runway at the east end required using the E-7 bypass around the end of the runway and then joining the runway from the north side; the Southwest jets in pictures 1 and 4 show this operation. We could also use that route to get to runway 24R for departures, which is actually what the far Southwest jet in picture #1 is doing. This didn't work so well at night because E-7 isn't as well lit as most of the other taxiways, having centerline lights only with no edge lights, making pilots somewhat reluctant to use it. The use of E-10 for intersection departures also meant that the available runway length was about 2000 feet less than normal, so most of the long-haul heavies had to taxi around to the south side for departure. We did see a few dramatic heavy departures from Aer Lingus and Virgin, and maybe one Qantas going to JFK that I can recall.
Here's the taxiway, just started. Taxiway Victor, which serves as the entrance to Runway 24L, is on the right edge of the picture, while Taxiway E-8, the first intersection, is just about in the center of the shot, behind the tail of the Air France A343 at Gate 27. The project started with the removal of the old concrete on Echo and Victor, which is just about done in this picture.
This shot, taken through the tower window shades, shows the mid-point of the project; not all of the concrete happened at once.
Here, you can see it's nearly complete. The new E-8 is much closer to the threshhold of the runway, compared to the original location. You can see both in this shot: The old E-8 is at the left edge of the shot with some equipement parked on it, once again right behind an Air France A343 at Gate 27; the new E-8 is the white concrete in the middle of the shot, above the tail of the Air France B773 at Gate 25.
Another shot of the nearly-done project. Besides the centerline and edge markings, the shoulders are painted green to better define what concrete is taxiway versus what is paved or stabilized clear areas.
And here's the end result. You can see both the new and old E-8's; the old one was left in place because it costs a lot of money to remove old concrete, and then the ground would have to be stabilized again. You can see that the new green paint does run across the old intersection, to help clarify that it's not there anymore. Sometimes the painted-out centerlines show up just as well (or better, even - an annoying problem on the LA freeways) than the 'real' ones. The best part about the new E-8 is that it's now close enough to the end of the runway that we don't have to apply all the intersection departure wake turbulence rules if we want to depart an aircraft from E-8 after one has departed from the full length of the runway. Before, an aircraft using the intersection had to have a three-minute delay behind a heavy jet that had departed from the full length; the new position allows us to use the miles-in-trail rule instead, which is usually less restrictive.
Check out how thick that concrete is!
For comparison, here's the concrete under a local Interstate:
And under a city street:
